Goal setting isn’t an effective long-term strategy. Instead, we should focus on systems that create continuous improvement.

I’ve recently re-read Atomic Habits by James Clear and his systems vs. goals framework stood out the most in this read. This is my summary of Clear’s framework:

Goals are limiting because they focus on the result rather than the process of getting there. This leads to a lack of fulfillment even when the goal is achieved.

Systems focus on the process and the actions needed to achieve the goal. By focusing on the system, we’re more likely to develop good habits, stay motivated and maintain success over a longer period.

Clear points out 4 problems with focusing on goals rather than systems:

1. Winners and losers have the same goals.

Every athlete competing in a competition has the same goal - to win. But ambitious goals don’t lead to success in sports. A system of training built around continuous small improvements is what determines success in the long term. 

2. Achieving a goal is only a momentary change.

Let’s say you have the goal of having a well-organized office. Tidying up and organizing your office achieves the result of a tidy office. But if you slip back into the old ways that lead to a messy office then it’s a momentary success.

The only way to change the problem for good is to implement a new system for creating and maintaining an organized office. 

3. Goals restrict your happiness.

There’s a common misconception that “Once I reach my goal, then I’ll be happy.” Happiness becomes a thing to be enjoyed in the future and never in the present moment.

Enjoying the process rather than focusing on the result will lead to increased happiness. It also leaves space for changing course, or even failing to reach the goal, and still being happy with the progress we’ve made.

4. Goals are at odds with long-term progress.

How many people maintain their habit of running after they accomplished the marathon? If the goal is running a marathon, what motivates you after you achieve it? If the focus were on improving your fitness and enjoying the benefits of running then you’d probably keep on running after the marathon was completed.

Long-term progress isn’t about individual accomplishments. It’s about continuous refinement and improvement.

Goals are good for setting a direction and systems are good for taking action and making progress.